According to Perdue OWL, an annotated bibliography is a normal bibliography with “a summary and/or evaluation of each of the sources” (Perdue OWL, 2010). They are found directly after the normal bibliography, and are written in paragraph form. Most summarizing annotations are only a few sentences long. Annotations summarize the findings of research and are a helpful guideline for both the writer and reader. Annotations may summarize, analyze, and/or reflect the findings of a study or document as it relates to the parent document (Perdue OWL, 2010). From examples of annotated bibliographies, I see them as mostly a summarization which is most useful to the author when integrating sources. Perude OWL also mentions that annotated bibliographies are a good starting point for research projects, because they require the author to read in-depth the findings of studies, and in this process discover if the information is reliable (Perdue OWL, 2010).
Debatin, B., Lovejoy, J., Horn, A., & Hughes, B. (2009). Facebook and online privacy: Attitudes, behaviors, and unintended consequences.
Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 15(1), 83-108. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01494.x.
Debatin et. all conducted a study of 300 adults to gauge attitudes towards expectations of privacy on the social networking website Facebook. Findings showed that most adults were aware of privacy issues, yet admitted to uploading large amounts of information, sometimes in scenarios where perfect strangers could view said information. Threats to privacy were more often construed as a problem others would face, rather than a threat to the self. Additionally, those reporting invasions of privacy were more likely to change privacy settings than those who had only heard of invasions. A “third person effect” may contribute towards the rationale for legitimizing stalking behavior online.
di Gennaro, C., & Button, W. (2007). Reconfiguring friendships: Social relationships and the Internet. Information, Communication & Society, 10(5), 591-618. doi:10.1080/13691180701657949.
di Gennaro & Button conducted a 2005 survey of individuals age 14+ in the United Kingdom concerning how online connectivity reinforces social ties. The results show that “about 20 per cent of Internet users have met new friends online, and about half of these individuals go on to meet one or more of these virtual friends in person.” Persons who use more communications services such as chat online are more likely to reinforce relationships than persons who use the internet more strictly for work. Additionally, “dynamics of online friendships are driven more by the idiosyncratic digital choices made by users of the Internet than by any mechanistic social or technological determinism.”
Ellison, N., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of Facebook ‘friends:’ Social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(4), 1143-1168. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x.
Ellison, Steinfeld, and Lampe studied social capital as it relates to social networking. Social networking usage specifically predicted social capital accumulation, whereas no correlation was seen with general internet usage. Connections to a community are longer-term online than would normally occur in a traditional environment.
Gibbs J.L., Ellison N.B., Heino R.D. Self-presentation in online personals: The role of anticipated future interaction, self-disclosure, and perceived success in internet dating (2006) Communication Research, 33 (2), pp. 152-177.
Henderson S., Gilding M. ‘I’ve never clicked this much with anyone in my life’: Trust and hyperpersonal communication in online friendships (2004) New Media and Society, 6 (4), pp. 487-506.
Kuntsche, E., Simons-Morton, B., ter Bogt, T., Sánchez Queija, I., Muñoz Tinoco, V., Gaspar de Matos, M. Santinello, M., Lenzi, M. & HBSC Peer Culture Focus Group. (2009). Electronic media communication with friends from 2002 to 2006 and links to face-to-face contacts in adolescence: an HBSC study in 31 European and North American countries and regions. Int J Public Health. 2009 September; 54(Suppl 2): 243–250. doi: 10.1007/s00038-009-5416-6.
Kuntsche, et. all. performed a mass study conducted over 4 years involving 275,571 adolescent participants about online and other forms of electronic communication. Strong correlation was found between frequency of communication online and number of evenings spent with friends, however no study was done into quality of friendships. New online friendship among higher frequency users correlate to more face-to-face contact with these friends.
Lewis, K., Kaufman, J., & Christakis, N. (2008). The taste for privacy: An analysis of college student privacy settings in an online social network. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14(1), 79-100. Retrieved from PsycINFO database.
Leiws, Kaufman, & Christakis analyzed the factors in having a public versus a private profile on social networking sites. Their study shows that people having private profiles are more likely to have close face-to-face friends whose profiles are also private. In addition, women are more likely to have private profiles than men. Finally, having a private profile is associated with greater levels of social media usage.
Mesch, G., & Talmud, I. (n.d). The Quality of Online and Offline Relationships: The Role of Multiplexity and Duration of Social Relationships. Routledge. doi:10.1080/01972240600677805.
Mesch and Talmund studied a population of 987 Israeli adolescents on perception of quality of online relationships based on activities and quality time. Quality of communication is seen as a major factor in why offline relationships are a social norm. Face-to-face friends were twice as likely to participate in a variety of social activities as compared to online friends. However, discussion of interests tended to be similar amongst the two categories.
Peluchette, J., & Karl, K. (2010). Examining students’ intended image on Facebook: ‘What were they thinking?!’. Journal of Education for Business, 85(1), 30-37. doi:10.1080/08832320903217606.
Peluchette & Karl examined why students post information on social networking sites which employers would find inappropriate. Students make a conscious, rather than subconscious effort to portray a certain image online; those students who are more likely to post inappropriate information were more likely to desire a sexually desirable, wild, or playful self-image.
Peter, J., Valkenburg, P., & Schouten, A. (2005). Developing a model of adolescent friendship formation on the Internet. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 8(5), 423-430. doi:10.1089/cpb.2005.8.423.
Valkenburg and Schouten studied the behavior leading to formation of online friendships among 493 adolescents. Extroverted peers tended to communicate more, but introverted peers were found to be more motivated to compensate for lack of face-to-face social skills. Introverted peers were also found to communicate with more frequency and offer more self-disclosure as compensation, which resulted in a greater percentage of friendships formed exclusively online.
Sheldon, P. (2008). The relationship between unwillingness-to-communicate and students’ Facebook use. Journal of Media Psychology: Theories, Methods, and Applications, 20(2), 67-75. doi:10.1027/1864-1105.20.2.67.
Sheldon studied the usage habits of 172 students on the social networking site Facebook to discover the motives for its use. The study revealed that “respondents who felt anxiety and fears in their face-to-face communication used Facebook to pass time and feel less lonely more than other respondents, but they had fewer Facebook friends”. Six factors of usage were analyzed: relationship maintenance, passing time, virtual community, entertainment, coolness and companionship. The greatest correlation was found to be relationship maintenance. Sheldon concludes that there is no evidence that students who are unwilling-to-communicate offline develop more offline friendships; rather extroverted students form more friendships originating online.
Sheng-Fei, H., & Dong-Her, S. (2009). A Model for Exploring Individual’s Self-Disclosure Online. International Review on Computers & Software, 4(5), 594-599. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.
Sheridan, L., & Grant, T. (2007). Is cyberstalking different?. Psychology, Crime & Law, 13(6), 627-640. doi:10.1080/10683160701340528.
Stern, L., & Taylor, K. (2007). Social Networking on Facebook. Journal of the Communication, Speech & Theatre Association of North Dakota, 209-20. Retrieved from Communication & Mass Media Complete database.
Sheridan & Grant studied over 1000 participants who claimed to be victims of stalking. Of this sample, around half reported harassment online, however only 7.2% of victims met the criteria for cyberstalking victims. Studies showed that as far as psychological impact, there were no significant differences between cyberstalking and online stalking. The most common type of online stalking occurs between ex-intimates.
Thayer, S., & Ray, S. (2006). Online Communication Preferences across Age, Gender, and Duration of Internet Use. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 9(4), 432-440. doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9.432.
Thayer and Ray studied relationship communication preferences and attitudes among people of different gender, age, and internet usage. The results found that there was no significant difference among gender, however age and internet usage were significant factors in preference to online communication; specifically, adolescents and high-usage users had preferred online contact regardless of the type of relationship existing between themselves and a friend or colleague.
Tong, S., Van Der Heide, B., Langwell, L., & Walther, J. (2008). Too Much of a Good Thing? The Relationship Between Number of Friends and Interpersonal Impressions on Facebook. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(3), 531-549. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2008.00409.x.
Tong et. all. conducted a study among Facebook users, concerning the relationship between number of friends on the social networking site Facebook and perceived extroversion and attractiveness. Results show a curvilinear effect of popularity and social attractiveness, whereas a quadratic relationship between friend count and perceived extroversion. In other words, after so many online friends, peers perceive the social attractiveness of the person in question to be of a lesser quality.
excellent work…and check this out:
http://www.tell.is.ritsumei.ac.jp/callejonline/journal/7-1/Harrison-Kitao.html